DOCTORAL DEGREE IN AGRI-FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

• SALAS I BARENYS, BERNAT: Precision Agriculture in Fruit Orchards: Development and Evaluation of a Smart Sprayer for Variable Rate Pesticide Application in 3D crops
  
  Author: SALAS I BARENYS, BERNAT
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN AGRI-FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
  Department: Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology (DEAB)
  Mode: Article-based thesis
  Deposit date: 09/01/2025
  Reading date: 14/03/2025
  Reading time: pending
  Reading place: pending
  Thesis director: GIL MOYA, EMILIO | SALCEDO CIDONCHA, RAMON
  Thesis abstract: European agriculture is currently experiencing an intense debate about the production model, linked to a growing social awareness regarding the use of agrochemicals in general, and plant protection products in particular. In this sense, there is a notable increasing focus on precision agriculture, which aims to optimize the use of these inputs by considering the intra-field variability among trees or plants. One example is the OPTIMA project (Optimised PesT Integrated MAnagement), funded by the EU under the H2020 program (http://optima-h2020.eu/en), within which this doctoral thesis has been developed. For the UMA-UPC research group, the goal was to design and integrate a novel system for applying plant protection products in a conventional hydropneumatic sprayer with constant flow for treatments in fruit trees. This system was designed to be able to adjust the amount of liquid sprayed based on the width and density of the tree canopies, thus avoiding excess or insufficient presence of pesticides on the target vegetation of the treatment. To achieve this, it uses a set of ultrasonic sensors to determine the size and leaf density of the canopy, sending this information to a computer that regulates a set of motorized valves to modify the flow rate in real time through the nozzles.With these premises, the present thesis encompasses, in the first part, the characterization of the sprayer, the design and implementation of the intelligent spraying system and the validation of the prototype conducted through field trials on apple applications. In these experiments, the coating and deposition of product on leaves were evaluated, both in terms of quantity and distribution uniformity, as well as the direct losses of plant protection product to the soil.The results of the sprayer characterization showed that the asymmetry of air velocities from the fan was accentuated as the airflow increased. Additionally, it was observed that the homogeneity of the coating on the tree canopies increased when working with larger droplet sizes along with higher airflow configurations in the fan. These results helped establish the configuration of the prototype during subsequent field trials (fan and nozzle parameters). Regarding the results of the second part, the prototype's ability to continuously modify the flow rate of the nozzles according to crop characteristics was successfully demonstrated, in terms of speed and precision level. The efficiency and robustness of the prototype and its components were successfully evaluated, including an in-depth analysis of the ultrasonic sensor configurations. All of this allowed for the selection of the appropriate configuration of both sensors and actuators as well as the parameters introduced into the algorithm for the final part of the thesis.The results obtained in this thesis demonstrate the success of the VRA system in achieving its fundamental objectives: reducing the volume of plant protection products applied and minimizing environmental impact. The intelligent spraying system allowed for a significant reduction of 45% in liquid use compared to conventional sprayers, maintaining optimal levels of leaf deposition. This optimization not only improves the efficiency of plant protection treatments but also reduces the direct losses of product to the soil, decreasing the risk of environmental contamination. Thus, the implementation of this technology contributes to more sustainable agriculture, aligning with the principles of the EU's Sustainable Use of Pesticides Directive and other regulatory frameworks that promote reducing dependence on chemical products in crop protection.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN STATISTICS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH

• MAUREIRA ALEGRÍA, GRACE KELLY: A Multi-Objective Integer Programming Approach for Synergistic Tenant Mix Optimization in Shopping Centers
  
  Author: MAUREIRA ALEGRÍA, GRACE KELLY
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN STATISTICS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH
  Department: Department of Statistics and Operations Research (EIO)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 16/12/2024
  Reading date: 24/03/2025
  Reading time: 12:00
  Reading place: FIB Sala de Juntes B6, planta 1. Campus Barcelona Diagonal Nord
  Thesis director: HEREDIA CERVERA, FRANCISCO JAVIER
  Thesis abstract: A shopping center's profitability is significantly influenced by its Tenant Mix, which refers to the strategic combination and placement of different retail categories within the center. However, selecting the optimal Tenant Mix has traditionally been based on experience and intuition rather than data-driven approaches. This study addresses this gap by developing a systematic, data-driven optimization model aimed at maximizing profitability through optimal tenant placement.The methodology used in this research involves the development of a Multi-Objective Integer Programming model. This optimization model aims to maximize the combination of three components in its objective function: rental income, sales revenues, and tenant synergy. Constraints are related to the leasable area available for each retail category and the synergistic configuration influencing tenant placement. The data analyzed comes from 27 shopping centers managed by CBRE Spain, covering the period from 2015 to 2022, with the exclusion of 2020 due to the temporary closure of shopping centers during the COVID-19 pandemic.In order to incorporate rental income into the optimization model's objective function, a semi-log regression model was developed. The model considers the monthly rent per square meter as the dependent variable and factors such as store size, store location, tenant category, tenant’s sales per square meter, anchor status, distance to the nearest anchor, and shopping center type as independent variables. The empirical analysis identified that store size, location, anchor status, and retail category significantly affect rental rates. Notably, stores on lower floors tend to command higher rental rates compared to those on upper floors, while the distance to the nearest anchor tenant does not significantly affect rental values.One of the key contributions of this research is the incorporation of tenant synergy into the optimization model, which captures the beneficial interactions between neighboring tenant categories. By analyzing historical data from the 27 shopping centers, specific configurations of neighboring retail categories were identified as having the potential to enhance sales revenues. These configurations were scored based on their impact on sales, and the model aims to maximize these synergy scores, along with rental income and sales revenues, to achieve the most profitable Tenant Mix.The optimization model was applied to six shopping centers: one from each cluster, with one analyzed in greater depth. Three scenarios were evaluated: "Last Layout," "Only Vacancies," and "From Scratch." In all scenarios, the model used 50 combinations of weighted objectives, producing a three-dimensional Pareto frontier. In the "Last Layout" scenario, the model was applied only to the occupied units in the latest tenant configuration (as of December 2022). For smaller centers, rent and sales were lower, but synergy improved, while larger centers saw overall gains in rent, sales, and synergy.In the "Only Vacancies" scenario, the model optimized unoccupied units, keeping the current Tenant Mix unchanged. Results confirmed that the synergistic configurations derived from historical layouts provided optimal solutions, demonstrating the model's flexibility. The "From Scratch" scenario involved a complete reconfiguration, with rent and sales remaining stable across the 50 combinations but greater variability in synergy. This scenario offers strategic insights for landlords aiming to reimagine Tenant Mix for improved financial performance and synergy.The encouraging results highlight the model’s practical utility and strategic potential for retail space management, making it a reliable tool for optimizing the Tenant Mix in shopping centers. Landlords can leverage the insights from this model to make informed decisions about tenant selection and placement that align with their long-term objectives.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS

• VILAR ALGUERÓ, RICARD: QUANTUM ANALOGS OF CLASSICAL CODES
  
  Author: VILAR ALGUERÓ, RICARD
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
  Department: School of Mathematics and Statistics (FME)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 07/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 20/03/2025
  Thesis director: BALL MARKS, SIMEON MICHAEL
  Thesis abstract: The main focus of this thesis are stabilizer codes, a type of error-correcting code used to correct quantum information that has been corrupted by noise. We introduce several new general constructions of stabilizer codes. In particular we use one of the constructions to construct quantum cyclic redundancy check codes, an error-correcting code which is used in classical information to correct burst errors. We show how to use a quantum version of such codes to correct burst errors on systems of quantum bits. We include a geometric description of stabilizer codes, extending previous constructions which work only for the qubit case to quantum systems in which the quantum particles have local dimension p, where p is any prime number. Finally, we reduce the problem of ascertaining when a generalised Reed-Solomon code is contained in its Hermitian dual and therefore can be used to construct a stabilizer code. This reduction allows us to determine the shortest and longest length of generalised Reed-Solomon codes which are contained in their Hermitian dual, verifying a conjecture of Grassl and Rotteler.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

• ORTIGOSA DUARTE, NURIA: Exposiciones de arquitectura en Barcelona 1939-2019. Una colección.
  
  Author: ORTIGOSA DUARTE, NURIA
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
  Department: Department of Architectural Design (PA)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 13/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 26/03/2025
  Thesis director: CALLÍS FREIXAS, EDUARD | MONTEYS ROIG, FCO JAVIER
  Thesis abstract: The objective of this research is the study of the collection comprising the 950 architectural exhibitions held in Barcelona from the end of the Spanish Civil War to the present day. The study focuses on the «what» rather than the «how», that is, on their content beyond their display. The most common way architectural exhibitions have been studied is through their individuality or, in some cases, in small associations, but never through the entirety of their exhibition activity. However, in this dissertation, the exhibitions are understood as a whole, as an architectural collection that allows for establishing a series of relationships among them, revealing qualities that can only be uncovered through «the whole». Nor have they been considered from the plurality of the city that hosts them, despite their temporal concurrence and their dispersion across numerous locations in the city, whereas here they are taken as a body equivalent to the architecture of the city to which they belong and simultaneously help to shape.Somewhere between theory and practice, architectural exhibitions serve as a platform for the dissemination and debate of ideas; they are part of and contribute to the architectural discourse of the city in which they are held. This is achieved by conveying a specific argument that stimulates architectural thinking through its content. Such content is composed of a selection of «pieces» usually taken from architectural collections or archives, generally housed in specialized institutions, as well as some elements produced ad hoc. In other words, the collections and archives from which this content is drawn represent an invaluable reserve for the «construction» of new exhibitions. The group of exhibitions that forms the body of study for this thesis is itself a collection, comprising 950 archives. Based on the above, this collection can be seen as a tool for the formation of new arguments and, therefore, new architectural discourses.This research will dissect the exhibitions held in Barcelona from the perspective of the collection, extracting knowledge from both their morphology as exhibition act and the content of their discourse in relation to the city. This body of study will also allow for the revelation of characteristics of architectural exhibitions as an architectural practice in themselves, which, as a recent field of study, remain unexplored. Additionally, with the aim of highlighting the propositional role of architectural archives and collections and «learning to handle» the one addressed here, it will discuss reference case studies through which it will be demonstrated that the collection under study can be taken as an active and usable resource, stemming from the propositional idea intrinsic to all architectural projects. Through this research, it will be shown that this collection of exhibitions, in addition to having the capacity to reveal previously unknown issues that can only be evidenced through its collective condition, is not a passive repository of architectural elements but a latent gathering of ideas awaiting activation. It is a project tool capable of generating potential arguments that open new perspectives on the ongoing transformation of our built environment and its exhibitions.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN AUTOMATIC CONTROL, ROBOTICS AND VISION

• DELMAS, GINGER: Linking Human Poses With Natural Language
  
  Author: DELMAS, GINGER
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN AUTOMATIC CONTROL, ROBOTICS AND VISION
  Department: Institute of Robotics and Industrial Informatics (IRI)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 10/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 21/03/2025
  Thesis director: MORENO NOGUER, FRANCESC D'ASSIS | WEINZAEPFEL, PHILIPPE
  Thesis abstract: Human pose is key to multiple human-centric applications, in a wide range of domains such as art (person depiction), sport (fitness coaching), robotics (skill teaching), entertainment (motion capture in movies, digital animation) or digitization (avatar design). In order to materialize such systems, researchers have designed deep learning models which address the related, underlying tasks of pose-guided image synthesis, 3D human pose estimation, human motion generation, mesh synthesis, pose prior production, and so forth.Until very recently, human pose had mostly been studied in conjunction with images. The field twitched with the arrival of efficient language models, which fostered the incorporation of linguistic in vision frameworks, and thereby powered multi-modal applications.This thesis fits into this dynamic. We aim to leverage Natural Language (NL) to bud human pose understanding in human-centric tasks. In contrast to prior endeavors, we juggle with static 3D human poses, images and detailed NL texts all together. We further explore novel multi-modal applications, requiring fine-grained understanding of the human pose.First, to alleviate the lack of data, we introduce new datasets linking 3D human poses with NL texts. We notably investigate two settings. One where the text is a description of the target pose, and another where the text provides modification instructions to reach the target pose from a source pose. These datasets result both from (i) the collection of crowd-sourced annotations, and (ii) the automatic, rule-based generation of texts, which consists in the incorporation of classified pose measurements into templates sentences. Next, we use these datasets to develop several cross-modal generation models like text-driven pose synthesis, pose captioning, text-guided pose editing and generation of textual posture feedback. Eventually, we connect 3D, text and images through a novel combinating framework, so as to derive a versatile, multi-modal pose representation, to be leveraged for downstream tasks akin to pose estimation or NL posture feedback from visual input.In summary, we tackle multiple machine learning tasks entailing human pose understanding, thanks to the connection of human pose and Natural Language.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

• ZIVANIC, MILICA: Cold plasma-treated hydrogels for multimodal cancer therapy
  
  Author: ZIVANIC, MILICA
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
  Department: Department of Materials Science and Engineering (CEM)
  Mode: Change of supervisor
  Deposit date: 10/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 21/03/2025
  Thesis director:
  Thesis abstract: Cold atmospheric plasma (hereon just plasma) is a weakly ionized gas that gained attention as a cost-efficient and well-tolerated cancer treatment that selectively targets the altered redox metabolism of malignant cells. The short penetration depth of direct plasma treatment limits its clinical applications to surface targets. Plasma-treated hydrogels (PTHs) emerge as vehicles for local delivery of therapeutic plasma-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) to internal targets. To prepare a PTH, an aqueous solution containing low concentrations of polymers is exposed to plasma to enrich it with RONS and is then crosslinked into the three-dimensional hydrogel network entrapping RONS inside. Once in contact with the target, RONS can diffuse from PTH and, above a cell-specific threshold, cause irreversible damage and death to cancer cells. Importantly, PTHs could broaden the clinical application of plasma not only by acting as RONS vehicles but also by being a versatile physicochemical platform that can incorporate different bioactive polymers or drugs for combined therapeutic effects, as explored for the first time in this Thesis.This Thesis proposes and follows an iterative workflow cycle for the development and characterization of PTHs. Here, alginate was chosen as a biopolymer for the preparation of PTHs, due to its biocompatibility, relevance, and versatility in biomedical research, as well as the ability to crosslink under mild conditions. In the first place, an optimized protocol for the preparation of alginate-based PTHs was identified, in order to ensure high retention of therapeutic RONS during the crosslinking process and obtain an injectable, shear-thinning formulation useful for minimally-invasive delivery and shape-adaptability of the PTH. Before this Thesis, biological characterization of PTHs was limited to cancer cytotoxicity reports. Here, the ability of a PTH to induce immunogenic cell death was demonstrated for the first time. As a result, PTH-treated osteosarcoma cells were increasingly phagocytized when co-cultured with immature dendritic cells derived from human monocytes isolated from healthy blood donors. Following the initial physicochemical and biological characterization, the feasibility and efficacy of incorporating a secondary therapeutic modality to the PTH were investigated. For this, a bioactive polymer or a chemotherapeutic drug was introduced into the alginate PTH formulation to achieve biological effects beyond or in synergy with plasma-derived RONS. Importantly, these effects were studied in a relevant model: an in ovo cancer model, where three-dimensional and vascularized tumors were grown on the membrane of a fertilized chicken egg (in ovo). This enabled the assessment of cancer cells in an environment more similar to a native, clinical one. In ovo tumor models emerge as cost- and time-effective models and can help replace, reduce, and refine in vivo experiments in preclinical research. In contrast to mono-therapy with PTH or drug alone, which showed no effect in ovo, a single administration of PTH-drug co-therapy could diminish osteosarcoma tumor weight and the expression of a protein linked to treatment resistance.Altogether, the work presented in this PhD Thesis helped characterize and establish PTHs within the plasma community as a novel modality that can broaden the clinical application of plasma. Furthermore, it provided a proof of concept that PTHs can be used as versatile dual platforms for multimodal cancer management.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

• RAMONELL CAZADOR, CARLOS: Graph-driven digital twins as assistants to bridge maintenance
  
  Author: RAMONELL CAZADOR, CARLOS
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
  Department: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECA)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 10/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 21/03/2025
  Thesis director: CHACÓN FLORES, ROLANDO ANTONIO
  Thesis abstract: Bridges are vital components of transport infrastructure networks which are facing a widespread lack of resilience due to aging and changing environmental conditions. Finding more efficient methods for monitoring bridge networks and effectively planning their maintenance is crucial for maintaining reasonable serviceability levels. Simultaneously, digital twins are emerging across industries as dynamic digital replicas of physical assets. These are continuously updated with information from their physical counterparts and serve as the foundation for digital tools that enhance workflows in decision-making processes throughout the lifecycle of any product.This dissertation translates the concept of digital twins to the bridge maintenance domain and presents a framework for developing graph-driven digital twin systems to assist bridge managers in tracking the state of their asset portfolio.For this purpose, two different proof-of-concept systems are presented: System A and System B. Both systems are cloud-based, modular, and use graphs to integrate multiple data sources describing the bridges, their context, and relevant maintenance information. The systems are tested with real data corresponding to two demonstration cases of road and railway bridges in the Spanish infrastructure network. Through these demonstrators, the digital twin systems are developed to integrate BIM, GIS, sensor time-series data, and data related to the results of monitoring processes that is structured according to regional standards.System A focuses on hosting digital twins of individual bridges. It uses a labelled property graph (LPG) to interconnect IFC data with IoT sensor data and the results from visual inspections and load tests. Data integration is achieved by matching GUIDs of data contained the graph with data stored in the different databases and systems connected. The implementation of the system is demonstrated through a web-based digital twin platform, containing applications that allow visualizing and interacting with contextualized inspection and load test data.System B focuses on interconnecting multiple bridge digital twins within the same network. It employs a knowledge graph built from Resource Description Framework (RDF)-based graphs and a set of ontologies. The system integrates geographical data according to INSPIRE data models, IFC models, and data from visual inspections. The system presents a data management approach based on strata, which manage and compartmentalize information subsets, and implements the information containers for linked document delivery (ICDD) standard for exchanging graph data with linked documents. The system is demonstrated through a set of fictitious scenarios that simulate interactions between bridge administrators and third parties.Through these systems, this dissertation demonstrates the usefulness of graph technologies in developing digital twins of bridges that are aligned with current industry standards and practices. It emphasizes the advantages of the Knowledge Graph-based approach for simplifying interactions with connected applications, enabling decoupled application development, and enhancing the system scalability and expandability with new datasets. Notwithstanding, real implementation of these systems requires further validation and use cases, as well as collaboration among system developers, administrators, academia, and industry stakeholders to generate a coherent digital ecosystem that enhances the efficiency and productivity of bridge maintenance practices.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

• AL HANAINEH, WAEL HASAN AHMAD: Designing and Development of Secure Protection Strategies for Distribution Network Integrated with Distributed Energy Resources
  
  Author: AL HANAINEH, WAEL HASAN AHMAD
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
  Department: Department of Electrical Engineering (DEE)
  Mode: Article-based thesis
  Deposit date: 10/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 21/03/2025
  Thesis director: MATAS ALCALA, JOSE | GUERRERO ZAPATA, JOSEP MARIA
  Thesis abstract: Global electricity generation increasingly incorporates Distributed Generation (DG) resources, such as solar and wind, into distribution systems (DS), offering benefits like improved reliability, power quality, rapid integration, and reduced payback periods, while lowering greenhouse gas emissions. However, their integration presents challenges, including overvoltage, voltage fluctuations, and imbalances caused by improper synchronization with the grid. DGs alter short-circuit currents, necessitating updates to protection relay settings. As DG penetration rises, distribution networks become more complex, requiring advanced protection systems to handle bidirectional power flows, which challenge existing schemes. Inverter-based DGs, such as solar and wind, generate lower fault currents due to inverter power electronics, diminishing the effectiveness of traditional fault detection methods, leading to potential protection blinding or false tripping. These challenges highlight the need for precise fault detection, accurate localization, and rapid protective responses. Disconnecting DGs during faults is increasingly undesirable, requiring innovative protection schemes to minimize unnecessary disconnections and address limitations like fault resistance, pre-fault load conditions, and noise interference. Traditional fault location techniques, often computationally intensive, struggle with accuracy, prolonging restoration times and increasing downtime, further emphasizing the need for advanced fault protection systems. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) analysis has proven effective for fault detection in systems with complex harmonic profiles caused by DG integration. Faults induce increased harmonic distortion, making THD monitoring a valuable indicator. Despite its promise, protection systems for grids with high DG penetration, especially those using inverter-based DGs, are underexplored, and existing protection algorithms rarely incorporate THD. To address this, three novel protection systems utilizing grid voltage harmonic content for fault detection and localization in medium-voltage (MV) DS are proposed. The first system combines THD measurements with voltage amplitude and zero-sequence components using a finite state machine (FSM)-based algorithm. It focuses on third harmonic (triple-n) components, unique to inverter neutral points and unaffected by other grid harmonics. Fault-induced voltage dips excite harmonic components, amplifying THD, making it an effective fault indicator. THD is calculated using the Multiple Second Order Generalized Integrator (MSOGI) method. However, this system relies on communication channels, which could fail, limiting its robustness. To mitigate this, a two-layered protection system is introduced. The first layer employs the SOGI-FLL grid monitoring technique, optimizing computational efficiency by reducing the number of required SOGIs while maintaining accurate THD calculations. Fault detection is achieved by filtering the THD signal and comparing pre-fault and fault-time averages, with significant deviations indicating faults. The second layer implements a communication-less fault localization algorithm based on positive and negative voltage sequence components to determine fault symmetry. This approach enables each protection device (PD) to operate independently, ensuring reliable fault localization even without communication, albeit with slightly slower detection times compared to communication-based methods. To enhance overall reliability, especially during communication failures, a third system, priority system, is proposed. It integrates the two-layered protection, with the first layer as the primary fault detection and communication-based trip signal initiator. If communication fails, the second layer provides backup protection by analyzing voltage sequence components locally. The effectiveness of these systems is validated against different protection method under various conditions.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

• MORADMAND JAZI, HAMED: Design and implementation of lowinterference, high efficiency, power electronicbased power system for PV applications
  
  Author: MORADMAND JAZI, HAMED
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
  Department: Department of Electronic Engineering (EEL)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 13/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 26/03/2025
  Thesis director: MARTINEZ GARCIA, HERMINIO | VELASCO QUESADA, GUILLERMO
  Thesis abstract: Nowadays, high step-up converters with fast-dynamic response are demanded for many applications such as uninterruptible power supplies which are used to feed sensitive loads and DC-DC converters in grid connected micro inverters to absorb the maximum power from the PV panels. Several studies have been carried out on high step-up converters to increase voltage gain and efficiency as well as reduce the voltage stress of semiconductors while less attention has been paid to their dynamic response. A converter which can compensate load variations rapidly would have faster dynamic response and lower undershoot and overshoot output voltage and current. In this research, various switching converters will be investigated to achieve new topologies having the capability of faster dynamic response and obtaining higher voltage gain for the above-mentioned applications. Merging some converters has the potential of removing right half plane zero and making converters respond load variations at a faster pace without making any changes in the control circuit and filters. If the integrated converter can deliver power form the input to the load in all operating modes whether the switch is on or not, the converter would compensate load variations with lower interruption. This theory can be evaluated and proved by doing some theoretical and mathematical calculations on the control response and the situation of Zeros and Poles of the closed loop transfer function of the converter. To rate the achievements of this research, the dynamic quantities in the step response of the converters (e. g. overshoot, rise time, and settling time) can be investigated. Also, the voltage gain and efficiency of the converters are important qualities which have to be considered in comparisons. A time table is considered for each stage to ensure that this research can be finished through the next three years.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN MARINE SCIENCES

• RAYA RODRIGÁLVAREZ, VANESA MARIA: Spatial and temporal dynamics of larval fish communities in relation to environmental variability in the NW Mediterranean
  
  Author: RAYA RODRIGÁLVAREZ, VANESA MARIA
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN MARINE SCIENCES
  Department: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECA)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 10/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 21/03/2025
  Thesis director: SABATÉS FREIJÓ, ANA MARIA
  Thesis abstract: The early developmental stages of fish, eggs and larvae, found in the planktonic environment are subject to a high mortality. Thus, the study of larval survival has been a key issue in fisheries science since the early 20th century. Spatial patterns in the larval fish communities are influenced by a complex array of environmental processes that interacts with fish biology at different temporal and spatial scales. These processes include those of large scale, such as climate patterns and seasonal and interannual environmental variability, which determine adults’ distribution and their spawning strategies. At local and short time scale, larval fish communities are shaped by the hydrodynamics that influence fish larval dispersal and retention, and by biologic factors, such as food concentration and predation, that ultimately determine their survival.This thesis characterises the structure of the larval fish community in summer and winter in the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean), an area with a wide array of environmental conditions and high hydrodynamic activity. The aim is to understand its spatial and interannual variability in response to changes in environmental conditions, including oceanographic variables and hydrodynamic processes. Within the context of climate change, the thesis describes long-term changes in the structure of the summer larval fish communities and aims to understand the interactions between larvae of established species and species that are expanding northwards in the area.To investigate the influence of winter environmental conditions on the structure of fish larval communities, two winters, 2017 and 2018, with contrasting environmental conditions were compared. 2017 was mild, while 2018 was more severe, with intense vertical mixing and deep-water formation and cascading events that enhanced shelf-slope water exchanges. Differences in the structure of larval fish community were found in relation to shelf-slope water exchange processes.A high spatial heterogeneity in larval fish communities was detected in the summers of 2003, 2004 and 2012, related to environmental factors, such as the continental shelf structure, latitudinal difference in surface temperature, primary productivity, and stratification level. Hydrodynamic structures such as instabilities of the Northern Current and anticyclonic eddies, also played an important role in the configuration of these communities.In summer, over three decades, 1980s, 2000s and 2010s, an increase in sea water temperature and a decrease in chlorophyll were detected. Changes in the composition and abundance of the larval fish community were also detected. These were mainly due to the presence of warm water species in the area for the first time, or to their increase in abundance, in the 2000s in relation to the northward expansion of the adults' range. Other species showed a decline in abundance over time, probably due to the decrease in chlorophyll.This work quantitatively compared the survival chances for larvae of E. encrasicolus (a established species) and S. aurita (a species expanding northwards). To this aim, a new method, the Box-Balance Model, was developed to evaluate the role of hydrodynamic structures in their mortality. The model revealed that despite the warming trend would contribute to the expansion of S. aurita, it has not yet developed an adaptation strategy as successful as that of E. encrasicolus, a well-established species in the area.
  
• ZOELLER, VICTORIA CHRISTINE: Stability and Dynamics of Geophysical Neutral Vortices
  
  Author: ZOELLER, VICTORIA CHRISTINE
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN MARINE SCIENCES
  Department: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECA)
  Mode: Article-based thesis
  Deposit date: 13/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 26/03/2025
  Thesis director: VIUDEZ LOMBA, ALVARO
  Thesis abstract: Mesoscale and submesoscale vortical structures are ubiquitous in the ocean and atmosphere. Most of these vortices are long-lived with a lifetime of several months. They often travel considerable distances and can interact with currents, other vortices, or topographic features. They play an important role in the distribution of heat, salt, and other tracers in the global ocean circulation. This PhD dissertation consists of the numerical investigation of the stability and dynamics of these meso-and submesoscale ocean vortices in both two-dimensional (2D) isochoric Euler flows, and three-dimensional (3D) quasi-geostrophic (QG) flows. In particular, this dissertation places special emphasis on neutral vortices, with a continuous vorticity distribution in 2D or potential vorticity anomaly (PVA) distribution in 3D QG flows.A neutral vortex is defined as a vortex with vanishing circulation at its outer boundary. This kind of shielded neutral vortex is a much more realistic approximation to vortices in the ocean than other theoretical approximations of shielded vortices. The neutral and non-neutral vortices used in this dissertation are linear combinations of vorticity layer-modes (or PVA spherical layer-modes in 3D QG), which consist of conveniently normalized cylindrical (or spherical) Bessel functions of order 0, truncated by a zero of the Bessel function of order 1. A necessary condition for vortices to be unstable is the change of sign of PVA somewhere inside the vortex. Thus, neutral vortices are subject to being unstable, which would be at odds with their observed long-time persistence. Therefore the first aim of this thesis is to present new exact 3D QG solutions for neutral vortices with distributed PVA. Depending on the superposition of the different layer-modes, some vortices remain axisymmetrically robust to small vorticity perturbations, while others are slightly unstable and evolve into stable multipolar structures. Robust axisymmetric neutral vortices have no exterior potential flow, thus generating no physical impact on the vortex surroundings. Furthermore, the robust vortex solutions found in this dissertation could explain the long persistence of baroclinic vortices in the ocean. The exact solutions of neutral vortices described in this dissertation are used to investigate further the interactions of these vortices.The first interaction studied is the interaction between a small-amplitude shear current and different vortices, specifically a neutral robust vortex, a neutral unstable vortex, and a non-neutral vortex. The results show that neutral vortices are good models for geophysical vortices as these vortices remain robust during their interaction. Both the vortices and the shear current remain robust while the vortices cross the shear current until reaching their stable equilibrium location, which is of the same vorticity sign as its amount of circulation.The second interaction is between two neutral vortices. This includes the interaction of two neutral unstable vortices and the interaction of one neutral unstable vortex and one neutral robust vortex. It reveals that some pairs of neutral vortices reach an oscillating near-equilibrium state due to a vorticity (or PVA) exchange mechanism. This involves a periodic exchange of vorticity and the generation of dipolar moments within the vortices. These dipolar moments separate the vortices. However, the formation of an exterior potential flow arising from the breaking of circular symmetry, and the subsequent vorticity advection and redistribution of peripheral vorticity causes the vortices to attract.The last interaction investigated is between a Lamb-Chaplygin dipole and an axisymmetrical unshielded vortex. It shows that vortex interactions can be elastic, indicating that interactions with almost no vorticity exchange, or vorticity loss to the background field, between vortices are possible. The interaction implies a change in their direction and velocity.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN MECHANICAL, FLUIDS AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

• MORENO MARTÍN, SIRO: Collocation methods for the synthesis of graceful robot motions
  
  Author: MORENO MARTÍN, SIRO
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN MECHANICAL, FLUIDS AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
  Department: Department of Mechanical Engineering (EM)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 10/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 21/03/2025
  Thesis director: CELAYA LLOVER, ENRIC | ROS GIRALT, LLUIS
  Thesis abstract: Graceful motion can be loosely defined as the one we observe in natural movements executed by animals and humans, which are characterized by being agile, efficient, and fluid. The generation of graceful robot motions is typically sought through the minimization of cost functions involving not only path length, but also aspects related to smoothness, like the time derivative of acceleration, called jerk, or that of the controls. A widely used approach to compute optimal trajectories is through direct collocation, a technique that converts the continuous-time optimal control problem into a finite-dimensional NLP problem. Collocation proceeds by discretizing the trajectory using so-called collocation points, and imposing the dynamics constraints at such points. The formulation of most collocation methods, however, assumes that the system is governed by a first order ODE, whereas robotic systems are typically described by second or higher order ODEs. As a result, the usual practice is to initially convert those ODEs into first order form via introducing new variables, and adding new equations that link these variables with their integral counterparts. An often overlooked effect of this transformation is that it generates inconsistencies between the trajectory of each variable and that of its time derivative. This is so because a collocation method only imposes the differential relationships at the collocation points, but not in between such points. A closer examination of this effect reveals that the dynamic equations, which should be satisfied in the collocation points, are actually violated in them, despite apparently having been enforced. This thesis introduces new collocation methods designed to overcome these problems. Specifically, we develop improved versions of the most popular piecewise and pseudospectral collocation schemes, including the trapezoidal and Hermite-Simpson methods, as well as the LG, LGR, and LGL methods. The new algorithms are able to treat differential equations of arbitrary order M ≥ 1 without having to convert them into first order form. In all of them, the trajectory obtained for each variable coincides exactly with the time derivative of its corresponding integral variable, and the dynamic constraints are satisfied accurately at the collocation points. These properties allow a drastic reduction of the dynamics error of the obtained trajectories in many cases, meaning that the governing equations are better respected along the continuous time horizon of the problem. Our methods also provide trajectories that are smoother than those of conventional ones, and easily treat variables such as jerk or the time derivative of the controls in the cost function. An hp adaptive refinement algorithm is also proposed to combine the benefits of our piecewise and pseudospectral methods so as to speed up convergence to the solutions.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN PHOTONICS

• BEATTIE EIZAGUIRRE, EDUARDO: Single rare earth ions for quantum computing nodes
  
  Author: BEATTIE EIZAGUIRRE, EDUARDO
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN PHOTONICS
  Department: Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 10/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 21/03/2025
  Thesis director: DE RIEDMATTEN, HUGUES
  Thesis abstract: Despite decades of research, practical quantum computing and long-distance quantum communication remain elusive, hindered by significant challenges in current platforms. Single rare earth ions (SREI) in the solid state offer a promising alternative, with potential to form quantum computing nodes containing around 100 highly connected qubits capable of photonic networking. Nanoparticles are ideal for this system, as they enable high doping concentrations for strong interactions while maintaining the required spectral distinguishability.SREI experiments benefit from optical cavities that enhance emission via the Purcell effect. The open-access Fabry–Perot fiber cavity, formed by a fiber-tip micromirror and a planar or fiber mirror, is particularly versatile: a wide range of emitters can be integrated on the mirror surface, optical access is easy via the fiber, and three-dimensional tunability is possible. This flexibility has enabled studies across various quantum emitters and 2D materials.This thesis presents our work developing the SREI platform using nanoparticles in fiber cavities. It begins with an introduction to quantum computing, quantum communication with quantum repeaters, and rare earth ions as a basis for quantum computers, along with an overview of our experimental design. A review of background knowledge follows, covering optical cavities, the Purcell effect, the optical Bloch equations, and single-photon light statistics.The absence of commercial nanopositioners suitable for controlling our fiber cavity led us to design our own. This positioner enabled the first detection of single ions in nanoparticles. We studied the ⁴I15/2 → ⁴I13/2 transition at 1535 nm in 20 ppm erbium-doped 150 nm Y₂O₃ nanoparticles, and identified an ion with excellent spectral stability, a linewidth of 3.8(3) MHz, and a g(2)(0) compatible with a perfect single emitter.We then developed a significantly improved second positioner with 2.5 pm RMS stability, 130 µm × 130 µm XY scan range, and MHz-rate cavity modulation, all at 1.65 K in a closed-cycle cryostat. The broad potential of fiber cavities enhances this device's impact, marking it as one of the thesis's main contributions.Equipped with this improved positioner, we proceeded with a new experiment to detect interactions between single ions. We studied the ³H₄ → ¹1D₂ transition at 619 nm in two sets of praseodymium-doped Y₂O₃ nanoparticles, but were so far unable to observe any praseodymium emission in the cavity. To diagnose why this was happening, we performed additional experiments with a confocal microscope, which confirmed the presence of praseodymium in a majority of objects and found the absorption resonance near where we expected.The thesis ends with conclusions and future directions, including emission shaping and a novel microscopy technique. A closing reflection on this work and recent breakthroughs in the field paints a promising future for quantum information technologies.
  
• LI, GENG: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Twisted Bilayer Graphene
  
  Author: LI, GENG
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN PHOTONICS
  Department: Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 10/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 21/03/2025
  Thesis director: KOPPENS, FRANK
  Thesis abstract: The goal of this thesis is to probe the infrared optical response of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). First, I used a commercial FTIR to measure the TBG in the mid-infrared range at room temperature. I improved the device fabrication technique and fabricated the TBG devices with a large area and simultaneously a low inhomogeneity. I observe that the TBG has abundant optical absorption features originating from the interband transitions that are uniquely determined by the twist angle. Then, I want to probe the interband transition of the TBG that lies in the terahertz range, which evolves the flat band of the TBG that hosts strongly correlated effects. I built a homemade FTIR that works in both the mid-infrared and terahertz range. I wired the cryostat carefully and achieved an electrical noise level approaching the Johnson noise limit. By guiding the light from the FITR into the cryostat, I successfully measured the exciton states in the Bernal bilayer graphene device over a broad spectral range, demonstrating that the system is ready for future experimental study of TBG.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN SIGNAL THEORY AND COMMUNICATIONS

• HERNÁNDEZ CHULDE, CARLOS EFRÉN: Software defined networking for autonomous and secure optical networks
  
  Author: HERNÁNDEZ CHULDE, CARLOS EFRÉN
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN SIGNAL THEORY AND COMMUNICATIONS
  Department: Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 04/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 17/03/2025
  Thesis director: CASELLAS REGI, RAMON | MARTINEZ RIVERA, RICARDO VICTOR
  Thesis abstract: The increasing complexity and demands of modern telecommunications networks necessitate the development of autonomous and secure systems to ensure efficient, reliable, and secure communications. The integration of advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) together with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) into optical networks addresses these needs. This integration enables the creation of networks that can efficiently automate their operations while ensuring the highest standards of security. In this context, this thesis explores the use of Software Defined Networking (SDN) for the advancement of autonomous and secure optical networks, in particular Elastic Optical Networks (EONs). The research focuses on enhancing network efficiency and security to meet the growing complexity and demands for high-capacity, low-latency, and secure communications.The PhD thesis investigates the application of ML, specifically Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Graph Neural Networks (GNN) to tackle key challenges in the management and optimization of EONs. The primary goal is to develop autonomous and intelligent solutions for dynamic service provisioning, resource allocation, and spectrum management. A significant contribution of this work is the development of novel DRL-based approaches for Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA). These methods are designed to adaptively manage network resources in real-time, overcoming the limitations of traditional, static RSA algorithms. By considering latency as a key factor, the DRL-based RSA mechanism ensures the efficient provisioning of latency-sensitive applications and improves overall network performance metrics, such as latency and throughput. The thesis also examines the dynamic provisioning and optimal placement of Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) using DRL and GNNs. This combination of technologies enables a more efficient mapping of resource requirements to the physical infrastructure, facilitating scalable and flexible network management systems.The research also includes an experimental validation of the proposed solutions. A proof-of-concept (PoC) was implemented to demonstrate the integration of DRL models within an SDN control plane framework. This involved externalizing path computation to a dedicated entity that assists the SDN controller in the path and spectrum selection function. The experimental results confirmed the practical applicability of the DRL approach in supporting selected control functions in operational EON infrastructures.Furthermore, the research explores the coexistence of Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CV-QKD) and classical channels within EONs, which is essential for ensuring secure communications in the quantum computing era. To address the challenge of noise interference from high-power classical channels on sensitive quantum channels, the thesis introduces dynamic spectrum allocation strategies leveraging SDN. These strategies optimize the use of spectrum resources and minimize noise interference, ensuring secure and efficient operation of the integrated network.In summary, this thesis provides significant advancements in the field of autonomous and secure optical networks by integrating advanced ML techniques, contributing to the development of agile, high-capacity, reliable, and secure EONs for future telecommunications.
  
• LOPEZ MOLINA, CARLOS ALEJANDRO: On the Majorization-Minimization framework and g-convex optimization: Exploiting diversity using sparse-aware and information theoretic criteria
  
  Author: LOPEZ MOLINA, CARLOS ALEJANDRO
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN SIGNAL THEORY AND COMMUNICATIONS
  Department: Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 13/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 26/03/2025
  Thesis director: RIBA SAGARRA, JAUME
  Thesis abstract: Diversity is a well-established concept in wireless communications whose purpose is to quantify the potential robustness of a receiver when multiple independent copies of the informative signal are received. Indeed, there exists a formal definition of this concept within the context of wireless communications that takes into account its practical usage, i.e. it is defined with respect to the symbol error probability averaged over the channel statistical fluctuation. However, there is no consensus on the generalization of the previous definition to other forms of signal processing applications. For this reason and being inspired by an intuitive definition of diversity extracted from the multimodal data fusion framework, the purpose of this dissertation is to explore the concept of diversity through the lenses of Information theory, a numerical optimization framework based on the Majorization-Minimization principle and the Grassmann manifold. The motivation behind the Majorization-Minimization algorithms is that they fit perfectly to the optimization problems arising from information theoretic cost functions, while the Grassmann manifold emerges naturally in the context of sparse-aware signal processing problems that exhibit some sort of diversity. All these ideas are surveyed through three different scenarios: the multisensor fusion, the Covariance Conversion from wireless MIMO communications and the detection of correlation. All of the scenarios share the fact that the intrinsic dimension of the data is much smaller than the ambient space dimension.In the multisensor fusion problem, we analyze the intuitive definition of diversity in a straightforward manner for three fusion policies. Firstly, the Covariance Intersection principle is reviewed to highlight its connection to the minimum error entropy criterion and the waterfilling algorithm for optimal power allocation in communications. Secondly, we derive a bounded descriptor based on the R\'enyi entropy of a sensor network contamination worst-case scenario (unbounded variance). Thanks to the aforementioned descriptor, it is possible to provide an operational interpretation to the commonly used L0 norm regularization particularized for this problem. Finally, we consider a fusion scheme that incorporates a subspace-based regression technique into the fusion operation. This proposal, which is inspired by a duality with the problem of unstructured interference mitigation in navigation receivers, is motivated by the fact that it is possible to obtain a measure of the fusion integrity when the temporal redundancy of the measurements and the intersensor covariance matrix are estimated in a joint manner.Besides, a different kind of diversity is unveiled in the Covariance Conversion problem for Frequency Division Duplexing schemes from wireless communications. In essence, this problem consists in the estimation of the Downlink channel covariance matrix using a prior estimation of the Uplink channel covariance matrix. Particularly, we are interested in those cases where sparsity can be defined on the second-order statistics, which are found in the mmWave and ultra-wide band channels. Through a detailed analysis of this problem, we show a promising conversion algorithm founded on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers.Lastly, the detection of correlation between two Gaussian vectors problem serves as a way to explore an information theoretic approach for the quantification of diversity. In fact, we transform this setting into a Mutual Information estimation problem of M parallel Gaussian channels to yield the aforementioned information theoretic measure. However, the Maximum Likelihood estimation of the Mutual Information suffers from bias when a subset of these channels provide no information. In light of this, we propose the adoption of model-order selection rules, well-known in other areas, as a means for estimating information under a bias-variance trade-off.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN STATISTICS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH

• BLANC BLOCQUEL DI MARCO, AUGUSTO: Derivatives and risks
  
  Author: BLANC BLOCQUEL DI MARCO, AUGUSTO
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN STATISTICS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH
  Department: Department of Statistics and Operations Research (EIO)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 13/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 26/03/2025
  Thesis director: ORTIZ GRACIA, LUIS
  Thesis abstract: This thesis aims to provide solutions to real world problems by the use and development ofstate-of-the-art quantitative finance techniques. The first part of this work tackles the challenge of digital options hedging, particularly, at the-money digital options near maturity. The problem stems from the fact that a digitaloption has a discontinuous payoff at the strike price and has a huge delta and gamma nearexpiration. This problem is well-known among practitioners and academics. In this work, weconsider a general setting for hedging at-the-money digital options near maturity by meansof a bull spread. We solve different optimization problems, with the aim of minimizing theprobability of sub-hedging the digital option at maturity, considering transaction costs andilliquidity issues. Our contribution consists in the fact that we determine the compositionof the bull spread that minimizes the probability of sub-hedging a digital option given thatthe cost of hedging is below a certain threshold. We consider traditional and state-of-the-artmodels for driving the dynamics of the underlying asset. We also introduce the modelingof the illiquidity issue in the optimization problem, and solve that optimization problem.Finally, we calibrate one model to real market data and solve the optimization problem withtransaction costs with the calibrated model.In the second part of this work we intend to create financial tools to fight against climatechange. Over the last five years there have been increasing concerns about the impact ofcryptocurrency mining on climate. One of the main effects of climate change is its impacton agriculture and food production. In addition, climate change has clear consequencesfor human health. We propose novel bitcoin-denominated derivatives contracts on carbonbonds to address this problematic. This paper creates novel financial products which couldhelp the regulatory authorities impact the climate in an indirect fashion, agglutinating twodesired financial outcomes (hedging and volatility transfer) in a single financial instrument.Particularly, the instrument can be used by governments to hedge against climate change andinfluence the prices of carbon bonds and cryptocurrencies. In order to price this product, wedevelop novel parameter estimation techniques based on Shannon wavelets.The third part of this work also revolves around climate change, finance and mathematics.In this work we put forward a methodology to calculate the impact of an increase of the earth’sglobal surface temperature on the probability of default of a company from the agriculturesector. Extreme temperatures have a negative impact on asset prices in all sectors. Weperform a regression of firm’s stock value with predictors S&P 500 and temperature anomaliesand observe that an increase of temperature anomalies has a negative impact on the stockof the firm considered in this work. When modelling temperature anomalies time series it isimportant to identify points in time where a significant change occurs in the behaviour of thedata. These points are called breakpoints. Then, we model the time series of temperatureanomalies by means of segmented linear regression, where the breakpoints are estimatedby means of a wavelet analysis. We calibrate a Merton model with real stock data of thecompany and estimate the probability of default based on the probability that the assetvalue of the firm is below the liabilities level. We proceed to use the regression model toforecast future values of the firm’s stock influenced by the predicted temperature anomaliesand estimate a new probability of default.
  

DOCTORAL DEGREE IN THEORY AND HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

• LIZÁRRAGA SÁNCHEZ, SALVADOR: Bacardí Tultitlán, México. Mies van der Rohe
  
  Author: LIZÁRRAGA SÁNCHEZ, SALVADOR
  Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
  Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN THEORY AND HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
  Department: Department of History and Theory of Architecture and Communication Techniques (THATC)
  Mode: Normal
  Deposit date: 03/03/2025
  Deposit END date: 14/03/2025
  Thesis director: GARCIA ESTEVEZ, CAROLINA BEATRIZ | ROVIRA GIMENO, JOSE MARIA | ROVIRA GIMENO, JOSE MARIA
  Thesis abstract: This thesis focuses on the office building for Bacardí y Cía S. A. in Tultitlán, Mexico, which Mies van der Rohe and his team designed and built from 1958 to 1961. Several Mexican companies – Knoll Internacional de México S. A., Constructora Maya, Campos hermanos and SACMAG de México– were involved in the process. For its construction, Mies’ architects –Gene Summers, Jan Lippert and Friedrich Wagner– made dozens of trips from Chicago to Tultitlán, while Mies visited Mexico only once. The thesis has two main objects of study. The first is the archive of the building, which contains about a thousand documents related to the Mexican building stored in the Mies van der Rohe archive at MoMA –hundreds of letters, telegrams, photographs, sketches and plans. The second is the architecture itself, whose peculiar materiality is contrasted with the information in the archive.The Tultitlán building is placed on the margins of the history of Mexican architecture, of Mies' history and, therefore, of Western architectural history. However, by extracting the object from that marginal position and forcing it to take a central position, it drags with it an entire architectural culture and forces the hegemonic discourses of those histories to reconstruct themselves, or at least to be questioned. The unprejudiced dissection of the archive and its building puts to the test historian Manfredo Tafuri's dictum that positioning oneself at “a particular angle of observation allows facts mute in themselves to be forced to become eloquent.” Among others, the archive forces us to place ourselves in the particular angle of vision of its secondary characters in order to understand them as principal and eloquent; from the foreshortening of a marginal city for the history of Western architecture that shows us that it became actually an international center; in the standpoint of a technological and constructive reality that allowed the materialization of a Mies building, but with methods different from those of a rich country; among many others. The research does not hide an inevitable conflict between the “historical word” of our present and that of the documents of another era -because the letters, plans, publications and films used in this research were created in a reality that no longer exists-. In other words, on the one hand, the documents were forced to speak in a language unknown to them –ours– and, at the same time, they were allowed to speak freely, without trying to hide their contradictions for the sake of a supposed historical or scientific congruence acceptable for the present. The collision of times forced to seek support in other languages, disciplines and characters –from Florence Schust Knoll and Lina Bo, to popular office cinema– to make intelligible the transnational context that allowed the existence of the objects of study of this thesis: the archive of the Bacardi offices in Tultitlán and its architecture.