Author: ALCÁZAR GARCÍA, DÉSIRÉE
Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN MECHANICAL, FLUIDS AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
Department: Department of Mechanical Engineering (EM)
Mode: Temporary seizure
Deposit date: 07/07/2022
Reading date: 05/09/2022
Reading time: 12:00
Reading place: ETSEIAAT - TR1 Sala de conferències
Thesis director: ROMERAL MARTINEZ, JOSE LUIS
Committee:
     PRESIDENT: SAAVEDRA ORDÓÑEZ, HAROLD
     SECRETARI: AMANTE GARCIA, BEATRIZ
     VOCAL: GAGO CALDERON, ALFONSO
Thesis abstract: We are currently immersed in the fourth industrial revolution that involves, among others, technology to prevent climate change,transformation of the transport sector, digitization and artificial intelligence. An important question regarding vehicles designoptimization and environmental care are energy management strategy and efficiency determination. There are different types oftechnology to alleviate this problem such as those used in pure electric, hybrid, plug-in hybrid or fuel cell vehicles. Automotivebrands work with a wide range of technologies and electrified mobility is considered to be one of the solutions to the growingenvironmental question.My doctoral thesis contributes to technological development, to accelerate the design of ecological vehicles and to its introductionin smart cities. It is presented a novel approach to a model that forecasts specifications data of a future car to allow finding its optimal structure regarding its volume, weight and/or cost to reduce any social, environmental and/or economic impacts and,consequently, mitigates climate change and contributes to general conservation strategies.The objective of my doctoral thesis is to develop a flexible, expandable and simple mathematical methodology of vehicle design optimization, capable to maximize a vehicle range with finest computational effort, thanks to a genetic algorithm, and to givepredictive information to minimize cost, volume and weight of the drive-train in vehicle structure and according to the designer¿s desire.Initially, the desired range, specifications, and architecture of the vehicle must be known, as well as the drive cycle (time and speed). The reliability of the system has been verified making a component-to-component revision through commercially available 4-wheeled vehicles (e.g. Tesla X P90D, MIA electric, Twizy 45 and Twizy 80, BMW i3 Rex, Toyota Prius, Ford C-MAX Energi, Toyota Mirai, etc.) taking into account their technical specifications such as electric motor type (e.g. induction, permanent magnet and hybrid electric motor), technology of energy storage system (e.g. NiMH or lithium-ion battery and fuel cell), with different degrees of electrification (e.g. pure electric vehicle, series/parallel/series-parallel (plug-in) hybrid electric vehicle and fuel cellvehicle) and their category (light quadricycle [L6e], heavy quadricycle [L7e], passenger cars [M1], vans [N1] and low-speedvehicle) for different well-known/standard (i.e. EPA cycle, NEDC, JC08, WLTP, etc.) or customised drive cycles.All requisite data gathered is fed into the genetic algorithm to obtain the results. The methodology returns to the user the bestchoice, taking into account the desired requirements, in relation to the technology of the electric motor and the energy storagesystem, the price of each of them in ,¿their volume in m3 and their weight in kg. Besides, an analysis of vehicle efficiency, energyconsumption, battery and fuel cells costs and energy densities, electric motor costs and power densities is performed. Calculationof the carbon dioxide (CO2) formed from producing the electricity necessary to charge the batteries or produce H2 for the fuelcells. This information also helps designers when deciding the structure of a vehicle if they cannot decide on the primary energysource from which electricity is obtained.The results obtained demonstrates that the model is capable to give a result with great effectiveness and efficiency because the dispersion of the values of the discrepancy between real values and the calculated ones is less than 15 %.The future research work is going to be focused on expanding the casuistry in relation to vehicle configurations and the number of components that make up the drive train of an EV, (P)HEV and FCV. It is also planned to develop an application with the procedure and developed software.

Author: ESPINOZA CATERIANO, EDGARD EDUARDO
Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN ARCHITECTURE, ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
Department: Department of Architectural Technology (TA)
Mode: Normal
Deposit date: 16/06/2022
Reading date: 05/09/2022
Reading time: 16:30
Reading place: ETSAB- AULA CS4 UPC
Thesis director: CRESPO CABILLO, ISABEL
Committee:
     PRESIDENT: ROGORA, ALESSANDRO
     SECRETARI: GARCÍA GIL, MANUEL
     VOCAL: BLANCA GIMÉNEZ, VICENTE
Thesis abstract: The research focuses on how to illuminate low light intensity spaces. Different uses of those spaces serve as the start point for rethinking lighting design. The characteristics of light, surface and vision are essential to strengthen the link between the symbol and the object's meaning. The present study evaluates the illumination of places destined to reduce the light level without prejudice to the object's vision. Museums are one of those spaces where lighting design should lower light energy for conservation reasons. However, we observe the tendency to maintain high light levels in interior spaces where the purpose of choosing high light intensity is supposed to have a better vision. There are regulations that define the minimum and maximum light levels for workspaces, factories, offices or schools, i.e. the spaces where the requirements assume the condition of high light intensity. In low light intensity spaces, the parameters to consider in the lighting design have a different order of priority than in high light intensity spaces. Lighting intensity alterations produce vision changes and, therefore, changes in the visual perception of the scene. In scotopic vision, we have less ability to distinguish colours, and we get more peripheral vision sensitivity, contrary to photopic vision. Instead, the transition between scotopic and photopic vision, called mesopic vision, is characterized by having the advantages and disadvantages of both types of vision. The changes in the vision lead us to think about searching for different lighting design strategies depending on the light level in the environment.In situations of low light intensity in which the observer is in the scotopic or mesopic vision, the parameters to be considered in the lighting design have a different hierarchy than in high light spaces. In that case, some lighting characteristics become secondary, but the colour temperature becomes the most important component of the lighting design to separate surfaces with similar luminance. This work has analysed such specific cases to establish how much the priorities of a lighting design that develops in these conditions change. It focuses on museums or exhibitions of archaeological heritage, meditation centres, or any other place where a low level of light is required to lead us to a state of calm and concentration. In this study, we find that in mesopic and scotopic vision, when the predominant luminance values are below 10 cd/m2, the luminance contrasts have a shorter value range than in photopic vision, which ranges from 0.1 cd/m2 to 100,000cd/m2. In low light intensity spaces, the chromatic information of the surfaces decreases and the luminance values of the surfaces are very similar to each other. It is necessary to point out three effective strategies in lighting design. The first one is to use the colour temperature to differentiate luminance surfaces with a different meaning for the observer. The second one is to apply the high colour temperature to highlight elements that are foreign to the space but complement the user's visual information. The third one is to avoid light intrusion from the outside or any visual scene with luminance contrasts that exceed the ratio of 1:10. Therefore, we can conclude that in low light intensity spaces, using different light colour temperatures, if associated with different roles played by the surfaces, facilitates visual communication within the space.

Author: POORZARE, REZA
Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN NETWORK ENGINEERING
Department: Department of Network Engineering (ENTEL)
Mode: Normal
Deposit date: 07/07/2022
Reading date: 05/09/2022
Reading time: 14:00
Reading place: ETSETB, videoconferència meet.google.com/cuf-urde-bft
Thesis director: CALVERAS AUGE, ANA M.
Committee:
     PRESIDENT: ADELANTADO FREIXER, FERRAN
     SECRETARI: DEMIRKOL, ILKER SEYFETTIN
     VOCAL: DARROUDI, SEYED MAHDI
Thesis abstract: 5G cellular communication, especially with its hugely available bandwidth provided by millimeter-wave, is a promising technology to fulfill the coming high demand for vast data rates. These networks can support new use cases such as Vehicle to Vehicle and augmented reality due to its novel features such as network slicing along with the mmWave multi-gigabit-persecond data rate. Nevertheless, 5G cellular networks suffer from some shortcomings, especially in high frequenciesbecause of the intermittent nature of channels when the frequency rises. Non-line of sight state is one of the significant issues that the new generation encounters. This drawback is because of the intense susceptibility of higher frequencies toblockage caused by obstacles and misalignment. This unique characteristic can impair the performance of the reliable transport layer widely deployed protocol, TCP, in attaining high throughput and low latency throughout a fair network. As a result, the protocol needs to adjust the congestion window size based on the current situation of the network. However, TCP cannot adjust its congestion window efficiently, which leads to throughput degradation of the protocol. This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of reliable end-to-end communications in 5G networks and analyzes TCP¿s behavior in one of the 3GPP¿s well-known s cenarios called urban deployment. Furtherm ore, two novel TCPs bas ed on artificial intelligence have been proposed to deal with this issue. The first protocol uses Fuzzy logic, a subset of artificial intelligence, and the second one is based on deep learning. The extensively conducted simulations showed that the newly proposed protocols could attain higher performance than common TCPs, such as BBR, HighSpeed, Cubic, and NewReno in terms of throughput, RTT,and sending rate adjustment in the urban scenario. The new protocols' superiority is achieved by employing smartness in the conges tions control mechanism of TCP, which is a powerful enabler in fos tering TCP¿s functionality. To s um up, the 5Gnetwork is a promising telecommunication infrastructure that will revolute various aspects of communication. However, different parts of the Internet, such as its regulations and protocol stack, will face new challenges, which need to be solved in order to exploit 5G capacity, and without intelligent rules and protocols, the high bandwidth of 5G, especially 5G mmWave will be wasted. Two novel schemes to solve the issues have been proposed based on an Artificial Intelligence subset technique called fuzzy and a machine learning-based approach called Deep learning to enhance the performance of 5G mmWave by improving the functionality of the transport layer. The obtained results indicated that the new schemes could improve the functionality of TCP by giving intelligence to the protocol. As the protocol works more smartly, it can make sufficient decisions on different conditions.

Author: ÁLVAREZ FARRÉ, XAVIER
Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
Department: Department of Heat Engines (MMT)
Mode: Normal
Deposit date: 16/05/2022
Reading date: 05/09/2022
Reading time: 11:30
Reading place: ESEIAAT - Presencialment es farà a la sala de conferències del TR5, ESEIAAT, Terrassa. - Enllaç de la videotrucada: https://meet.google.com/tvs-pbbc-zmf
Thesis director: GOROBETS, ANDREY | OLIVA LLENA, ASENSIO
Committee:
     PRESIDENT: PASCAU BENITO, ANTONIO
     SECRETARI: PEREZ SEGARRA, CARLOS DAVID
     VOCAL: MOULINEC, CHARLES
Thesis abstract: Continuous enhancement in hardware technologies enables scientific computing to advance incessantly and reach further aims. Since the start of the global race for exascale high-performance computing (HPC), massively-parallel devices of various architectures have been incorporated into the newest supercomputers, leading to an increasing hybridization of HPC systems. In this context of accelerated innovation, software portability and efficiency become crucial.Traditionally, scientific computing software development is based on calculations in iterative stencil loops (ISL) over a discretized geometry¿the mesh. Despite being intuitive and versatile, the interdependency between algorithms and their computational implementations in stencil applications usually results in a large number of subroutines and introduces an inevitable complexity when it comes to portability and sustainability. An alternative is to break the interdependency between algorithm and implementation to cast the calculations into a minimalist set of kernels.The portable implementation model that is the object of this thesis is not restricted to a particular numerical method or problem. However, owing to the CTTC's long tradition in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and without loss of generality, this work is targeted to solve transient CFD simulations. By casting discrete operators and mesh functions into (sparse) matrices and vectors, it is shown that all the calculations in a typical CFD algorithm boil down to the following basic linear algebra subroutines: the sparse matrix-vector product, the linear combination of vectors, and the dot product.The proposed formulation eases the deployment of scientific computing software in massively parallel hybrid computing systems and is demonstrated in the large-scale, direct numerical simulation of transient turbulent flows.

Author: ALOY BIBILONI, GUILLEM
Thesis file: (contact the Doctoral School to confirm you have a valid doctoral degree and to get the link to the thesis)
Programme: DOCTORAL DEGREE IN THEORY AND HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Department: (THATC)
Mode: Normal
Deposit date: 06/07/2022
Reading date: pending
Reading time: pending
Reading place: pending
Thesis director: RAMON GRAELLS, ANTONI | MAS VIVES, JOAN
Committee:
     PRESIDENT: LLORENTE DIAZ, MARTA
     SECRETARI: FERRER FORES, JAIME JOSE
     VOCAL: DE BLAS GÓMEZ, FELISA
     VOCAL: PACE, SERGIO
     VOCAL: PIRES CASTANHEIRA, JOSÉ MANUEL
Thesis abstract: The research of the place of theatre in Palma explores the existing, disappeared and closed spaces throughout the history of the city. This catalog includes 113 performance spaces, some with ostentatious will, but most of them humble. An architectural typological system of leisure and culture that opens a series of questions: What is the reason for its construction? Who are its agents and its architecture? Which is the place of the theatre in Palma?In this historical and urban research, the study of the space of the theatre becomes a mean to read the relationship between architecture and culture over the centuries. Beyond its architectural typology, it has been the theatrical and the performative event itself, with a broad scope, that defined the spaces of the theatre; where the architecture and the scenography create a meeting place, at the same time, in the same space, of actors and audience.KeywordsArchitecture, Urbanism, History, Scenic Space, Theatre, Palma, Mallorca